• The proliferation of CCA cell lines

  2020-01-25

  

  The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated by estrogen and other growth factors (Alvaro et al., 2006; DeMorrow, 2009; Mancino et al., 2009). It has also been reported that estrogen positively modulates cholangiocyte proliferation, which is associated with cholangiopathies found in humans

• Interest in the PGE EP

  2020-01-25

  

  Interest in the PGE2/EP4 pathway is increasing given its diverse capability of regulating central nervous system activity [13]. EP4 has a protective function by reducing cerebral injury and improving functional outcome after stroke [14], and in suppressing ccr2 inhibitor inflammation [15]. The EP4

• ACE also known as Kininase II is

  2020-01-25

  

  ACE also known as Kininase II is an important enzyme of the Renin angiotensin oxidative phosphorylation system (RAAS) (Novo et al., 1987), it is believed to be a potent blood pressure regulator and also plays a crucial role in activation of the bradykinin receptor via inactivation of bradykinin whi

• We propose the following model for how B

  2020-01-25

  

  We propose the following model for how B cell-guiding EBI2 ligand gradients are established in lymphoid tissues. CH25H and CYP7B1 are needed in radiation-resistant stromal cells, are abundantly expressed and active in CXCL13+ and CCL21+ FRCs, but not lymphocytes, and are poorly expressed in the inne

• Neurons in the striatum unlike those

  2020-01-25

  

  Neurons in the striatum, unlike those in the VX-745 and cerebellum, do not form a layered or columnar structure. Although they appear to be randomly distributed, they are actually scattered in two embryologically different compartments called striosomes (often referred to as “patches” in rodents) a

• Although BPA has been proven to cause many health issues

  2020-01-25

  

  Although BPA has been proven to cause many health issues such as obesity and neurological toxicity (Rubin, 2011), the effects and mechanisms of BPA on the human tumorigenesis and cancer development are still not well illustrated. In the present study, we found that 10 to 10M BPA significantly promot

• Initial investigations in the heart uncovered

  2020-01-25

  

  Initial investigations in the heart uncovered Epac as a positive regulator of myocyte hypertrophy [8], [9]. Concomitantly, Epac has been shown to regulate cardiac Ca homeostasis [8], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Ca is an essential second messenger in the cardiac physiology because its rhythmic variations

• Inappropriate heme metabolism has been linked

  2020-01-25

  

  Inappropriate heme metabolism has been linked to several neuropsychiatric disorders. In the hippocampi of Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) patients, for example, heme was found to binds intracellular amyloid β (Aβ), resulting in reduced heme bioavailability and its functional deficiency (Atamna and Frey, 2

• What are the molecular signals that guide Tfh cells as

  2020-01-25

  

  What are the molecular signals that guide Tfh cells as they navigate around the lymph node in the course of the immune response? It was recently reported that Tfh cells inside GCs have high expression of SIPR2, which acts to repel them from the S1P-rich lymph in the SCS and promote their retention i

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2020-01-25

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Oxysterols came to prominence in the late 1970\'s with the oxysterol hypothesis which proposed that the suppressive effect of cholesterol on its own synthesis is mediated through oxysterols not by cholesterol itsel

• Although both DNA DSBs and DNA PK activity increase

  2020-01-25

  

  Although both DNA DSBs and DNA-PK activity increase with aging in skeletal muscle (Figure 1), we cannot conclude that aging-associated increase in DNA-PK activity is solely mediated by chromosomal breaks, as DNA-PK is also activated independently of chromosomal breaks by ROS (Li et al., 2014), which

• The occurrence of three Ag NORs

  2020-01-25

  

  The occurrence of three Ag-NORs per metaphase and/or a maximum of three nucleoli per nucleus in most of the varieties may be explained by chromosomal rearrangements or unequal crossing-over events that induce the deletion of the fourth active rDNA loci. Also, the chromosome pair that showed less int

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgement Grant support

  2020-01-23

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgement Grant support: Ministry of Health (n. of grant: RBAP10447J_004 to N. Baldini), Italian Association for Cancer Research (n. of grant: 11426 to N. Baldini). Introduction Ewing sarcomas (ES) and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are related childhood tumors.

• Ample evidence has shown that

  2020-01-23

  

  Ample evidence has shown that ET-1 system plays a pivotal role in the development of cardiovascular anomalies and pharmacological inhibition of ETA prevents the development of cardiac hypertrophy [[37], [38], [39]]. Yanagisawa and coworkers, who first reported the cardiomyocyte-specific endothelin A

• The potential existence of ER stress

  2020-01-23

  

  The potential existence of ER stress was first examined in EVTs in placental bed biopsy specimens obtained from pregnancies complicated by early-onset preeclampsia. It was then tested whether ER stress can modulate MMP-2 activity before elucidating the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the induct

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